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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. H2

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. H2

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.h2database.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.html
DeveloperAmazonGoogleThomas Mueller
Initial release2017201820082005
Current release1.0.0, June 20242.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemshostedserver-lesshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details hereyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query language (GQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonousing Google App EngineJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions
TriggersnonoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneMulti-source replication using PaxosWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDuckDBGoogle Cloud DatastoreH2
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