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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunedgraph.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdgraph.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperAmazonDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.8Kdata
Initial release20172016201920132016
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQL
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Synchronous replication via Raftyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID infotunable commit protocolno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)no infoPlanned for future releasesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDgraphMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBToroDB
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