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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. NuoDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. NuoDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­datastorewww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperAmazonDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.8Kdata
Initial release20172016200820132016
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details hereyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like query language (GQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonousing Google App EngineJava, SQL
TriggersnonoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Synchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication using Paxosyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infotunable commit protocolno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)no infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDgraphGoogle Cloud DatastoreNuoDBToroDB
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