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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.datomic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrethinkdb.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.datomic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperAmazonCognitectMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release2017201220192009
Current release1.0.7075, December 2023cloud service with continuous releases2.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
RESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infousers and table-level permissions

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Amazon NeptuneDatomicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRethinkDB
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