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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. H2

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. H2

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.datomic.comduckdb.orgwww.h2database.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.datomic.comduckdb.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.html
DeveloperAmazonCognitectThomas Mueller
Initial release2017201220182005
Current release1.0.6735, June 20231.0.0, June 20242.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++Java
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMserver-lessAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
RESTful HTTP APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction FunctionsnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDatomicDuckDBH2
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