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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Cubrid vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Cubrid vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCubrid  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudCUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTPElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.04
Rank#187  Overall
#87  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunecubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescubrid.org/­manualsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperAmazonCUBRID Corporation, CUBRID FoundationMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release2017200820162016
Current release11.0, January 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC, C++, JavaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored ProceduresTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replicationyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneCubridMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseToroDB
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