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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score59.76
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.cockroachlabs.comcloud.google.com/­spannerhive.apache.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.cockroachlabs.com/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Home
DeveloperAmazonCockroach LabsGoogleApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by Facebook
Initial release2017201520172012
Current release24.1.0, May 20243.1.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeschema-freedynamic schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduce
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infoquery execution via MapReduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles

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Amazon NeptuneCockroachDBGoogle Cloud SpannerHive
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