DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer
System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. CockroachDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer
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| Name | Amazon Neptune Xexclude from comparison | CockroachDB Xexclude from comparison | Elasticsearch Xexclude from comparison | MarkLogic Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Data Explorer Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud | CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble. | A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene  Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric | Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database | Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Graph DBMS RDF store | Relational DBMS | Search engine | Document store Native XML DBMS RDF store as of version 7Search engine | Relational DBMS column oriented | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell Event Store this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)Spatial DBMS Search engine support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engineTime Series DBMS see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | aws.amazon.com/neptune | www.cockroachlabs.com | www.elastic.co/elasticsearch | www.marklogic.com | azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources | www.cockroachlabs.com/docs | www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html | docs.marklogic.com | docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Amazon | Cockroach Labs | Elastic | MarkLogic Corp. | Microsoft | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2017 | 2015 | 2010 | 2001 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 24.1.0, May 2024 | 8.6, January 2023 | 11.0, December 2022 | cloud service with continuous releases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source Apache 2.0, commercial license available | Open Source Elastic License | commercial restricted free version is available | commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Go | Java | C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | Linux macOS Windows | All OS with a Java VM | Linux OS X Windows | hosted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | dynamic schema | schema-free Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent | schema-free Schema can be enforced | Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | no | yes | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | yes | all fields are automatically indexed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL | SQL-like query language | yes SQL92 | Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | OpenCypher RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1 TinkerPop Gremlin | JDBC | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | Java API Node.js Client API ODBC proprietary Optic API Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9RESTful HTTP API SPARQL WebDAV XDBC XQuery XSLT | Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS) RESTful HTTP API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C# Go Java JavaScript PHP Python Ruby Scala | C# C++ Clojure Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Rust | .Net Groovy Community Contributed Clients Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby | C C# C++ Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Ruby | .Net Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PowerShell Python R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | no | yes | yes via XQuery or JavaScript | Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | yes by using the 'percolation' feature | yes | yes see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | horizontal partitioning (by key range) all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT | Sharding | Sharding | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances. | Multi-source replication using RAFT | yes | yes | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | ES-Hadoop Connector | yes via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs | Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | no | ACID can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes with encyption-at-rest | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | Memcached and Redis integration | yes, with Range Indexes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) | Role-based access control | Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels | Azure Active Directory Authentication | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendorWe invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Amazon Neptune | CockroachDB | Elasticsearch | MarkLogic | Microsoft Azure Data Explorer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Elasticsearch moved into the top 10 most popular database management systems MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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