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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Citus vs. Coveo vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Citus vs. Coveo vs. HyperSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDB
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#116  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score3.14
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.citusdata.comwww.coveo.comhsqldb.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.citusdata.comdocs.coveo.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.html
DeveloperAmazonCoveo
Initial release2017201020122001
Current release8.1, December 20182.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJava
Server operating systemshostedLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes
Data schemeschema-freeyeshybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noJava, SQL
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardgranular access controls, API key management, content filtersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneCitusCoveoHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB
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