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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. BaseX vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. BaseX vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonBaseX  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudLight-weight Native XML DBMS with support for XQuery 3.0 and interactive GUI.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Native XML DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.73
Rank#142  Overall
#4  Native XML DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunebasex.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.mireo.com/­spacetimewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.basex.orgdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperAmazonBaseX GmbHMicrosoftMireoOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20172007201920201998
Current release10.7, August 2023cloud service with continuous releases11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSD licensecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infoXQuery supports typesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetA subset of ANSI SQL is implementedyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTXQ
WebDAV
XML:DB
XQJ
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Actionscript
C
C#
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Rebol
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Python
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RnoPL/SQL
Triggersnoyes infovia eventsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceFixed-grid hypercubesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Real-time block device replication (DRBD)Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDmultiple readers, single writernonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Users with fine-grained authorization concept on 4 levelsAzure Active Directory Authenticationyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneBaseXMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSpaceTimeTimesTen
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