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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.52
Rank#153  Overall
#6  Vector DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneiotdb.apache.orgwww.h2database.comspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperAmazonApache Software FoundationThomas MuellerApache Software FoundationWeaviate B.V.
Initial release20172018200520142019
Current release1.1.0, April 20232.2.220, July 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20231.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaScalaGo
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesnoyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
Native API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
JavaJava
Python
R
Scala
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnono
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)noneyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneApache IoTDBH2Spark SQLWeaviate
Specific characteristicsWeaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFlexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosAs a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersAll companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsAs of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsWeaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache IoTDBH2Spark SQLWeaviate
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