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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. H2 vs. QuestDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. H2 vs. QuestDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A high performance open source SQL database for time series dataEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneimpala.apache.orgwww.h2database.comquestdb.iowww.stardog.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlquestdb.io/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaThomas MuellerQuestDB Technology IncStardog-Union
Initial release20172013200520142010
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.2.220, July 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJava (Zero-GC), C++, RustJava
Server operating systemshostedLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesnoyesyesnoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL with time-series extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJavaC infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyesnoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonehorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factorWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication with eventual consistencyMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID for single-table writesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infothrough memory mapped filesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaH2QuestDBStardog
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaH2QuestDBStardog
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