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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablesgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20172013201020122019
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20181.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CClojure
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDoptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signatures

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaCitusMicrosoft Azure Table StorageXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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