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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Hawkular Metrics

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Hawkular Metrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSHawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.01
Rank#377  Overall
#39  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comdgraph.iowww.hawkular.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docswww.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guide
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDgraph Labs, Inc.Community supported by Red Hat
Initial release20172013201020162014
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CGoJava
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
HTTP REST
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersnonoyesnoyes infovia Hawkular Alerting
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingyesSharding infobased on Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via Raftselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesno

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaCitusDgraphHawkular Metrics
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