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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonH2GIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAnalytic DBMS for HadoopSpatial extension of H2Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#368  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunedruid.apache.orgimpala.apache.orgwww.h2gis.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.h2gis.org/­docs/­homedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCNRSMicrosoft
Initial release20172012201320132019
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoLGPL 3.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Linuxhosted
Data schemeschema-freeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL for queryingSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infobased on H2Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnononoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factoryes infobased on H2yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes infobased on H2Azure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache DruidApache ImpalaH2GISMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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