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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Cloud-based data warehousing serviceElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score1.30
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteallegrograph.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehouseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFranz Inc.GoogleOntotextIBMMicrosoft
Initial release20042017200020142016
Current release8.0, December 202310.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possiblenonono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityPL/SQL, SQL PLTransact SQL
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationShardingnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphGoogle Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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AllegroGraphGoogle Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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