DBMS > Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An online MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) data warehousing service based on Greenplum

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.68
Rank	#231	Overall
	#105	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.alibabacloud.com/product/hybriddb-postgresql

cloud.google.com/spanner

rdf4j.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/analyticdb-for-postgresql/latest/product-introduction-overview

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Alibaba / Pivotal Software Inc. / PostgreSQL Global Development Group

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2017

2004

2019

Current release

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
Java
Perl
Python
R

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
PHP
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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