DBMS > AlaSQL vs. Stardog vs. ToroDB vs. Trino vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. Stardog vs. ToroDB vs. Trino vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

JavaScript DBMS library

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.46
Rank	#260	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#121	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	5.00
Rank	#66	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Score	10.68
Rank	#43	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Website

alasql.org

www.stardog.com

github.com/torodb/server

trino.io

www.vertica.com

Technical documentation

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

docs.stardog.com

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

vertica.com/documentation

Social network pages

Developer

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Stardog-Union

8Kdata

Trino Software Foundation

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Initial release

2014

2010

2016

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

2005

Current release

7.3.0, May 2020

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT-License

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Limited community edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

C++

Server operating systems

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

yes

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

depending on connected data-source

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

JavaScript API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

Supported programming languages

JavaScript

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes, depending on connected data-source

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

depending on connected data-source

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Source-replica replication

depending on connected data-source

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

depending on connected data-source

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

depending on connected data-source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

SQL standard access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantages

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenarios

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customers

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Market metrics

33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Licensing and pricing models

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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