this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.51
Rank	#256	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#118	Relational DBMS

Score	1.49
Rank	#156	Overall
	#3	Multivalue DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

alasql.org

www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-jbase

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

docs.rocketsoftware.com/bundle?labelkey=jbase_5.9

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Rocket Software (formerly Zumasys)

Microsoft

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2014

1991

2019

Current release

5.7

cloud service with continuous releases

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT-License

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Clojure

Server operating systems

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

AIX
Linux
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

optional

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

Embedded SQL for jBASE in BASIC

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JavaScript API

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

JavaScript

.Net
Basic
Jabbascript
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Azure Active Directory Authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

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