DBMS > AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

JavaScript DBMS library

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.46
Rank	#260	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#121	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

alasql.org

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.stardog.com

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.stardog.com

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Stardog-Union

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

2014

2005

2019

2010

2014

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

7.3.0, May 2020

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT-License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

C++, Java

Server operating systems

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

yes

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

APIs and other access methods

JavaScript API

JDBC
ODBC

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

JavaScript

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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