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DBMS > AlaSQL vs. Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionJavaScript DBMS libraryDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.46
Rank#260  Overall
#40  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitealasql.orgwww.datomic.comfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqldocs.datomic.comfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasewww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffCognitectGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Thomas MuellerMicrosoft
Initial release20142012201220052019
Current release1.0.6735, June 20232.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT-Licensecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScriptJava, ClojureJava
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)All OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLClose to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.nonoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJavaScript APIRESTful HTTP APIAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesJavaScriptClojure
Java
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction Functionslimited functionality with using 'rules'Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storageACIDyesACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
AlaSQLDatomicFirebase Realtime DatabaseH2Microsoft Azure Data Explorer
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