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DBMS > AlaSQL vs. Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionJavaScript DBMS libraryAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.46
Rank#260  Overall
#40  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websitealasql.orgimpala.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org
Technical documentationgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqlimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentation
DeveloperAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Microsoft
Initial release20142013201220192014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB
Current release4.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases10 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT-LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScriptC++C
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)LinuxhostedhostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesnoyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLClose to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infodistributed, parallel query execution
APIs and other access methodsJavaScript APIJDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJavaScriptAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducelimited functionality with using 'rules'Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions
TriggersyesnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storagenoyesnoACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes, based on authentication and database rulesAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
AlaSQLApache ImpalaFirebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgres-XL
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