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DBMS > AlaSQL vs. Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionJavaScript DBMS libraryAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.46
Rank#260  Overall
#40  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitealasql.orgimpala.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqlimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleMicrosoft
Initial release20142013201220172019
Current release4.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT-LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptC++
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Linuxhostedhostedhosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLClose to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJavaScript APIJDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesJavaScriptAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducelimited functionality with using 'rules'noYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersyesnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storagenoyesACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
AlaSQLApache ImpalaFirebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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