DBMS > 4D vs. ToroDB vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. ToroDB vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

TypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Graph DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS

The data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.70
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#8	Object oriented DBMS
	#106	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/torodb/server

typedb.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

typedb.com/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

8Kdata

Vaticle

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2016

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.28.3, June 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

Synchronous replication via raft

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more

Competitive advantages

TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

An Enterprise Data Stack Using TypeDB | by Daniel Crowe
2 September 2021, Towards Data Science

Spacecraft Engineering Models: How to Migrate UML to TypeQL
8 September 2021, hackernoon.com

Speedb Goes Open Source With Its Speedb Data Engine, A Drop-in Replacement for RocksDB
9 November 2022, Business Wire

Modelling Biomedical Data for a Drug Discovery Knowledge Graph
6 October 2020, Towards Data Science

How Roche Discovered Novel Potential Gene Targets with TypeDB
8 June 2021, Towards Data Science

provided by Google News

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