DBMS > 4D vs. gStore vs. Snowflake vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. gStore vs. Snowflake vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.14
Rank	#342	Overall
	#34	Graph DBMS
	#16	RDF stores

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

en.gstore.cn

www.snowflake.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

en.gstore.cn/#/enDocs

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Snowflake Computing Inc.

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2016

2014

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.2, November 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

hosted

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supported

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Access rights for users and roles

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