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DBMS > 4D vs. QuestDB vs. TimesTen vs. TinkerGraph vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. QuestDB vs. TimesTen vs. TinkerGraph vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 APITypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comquestdb.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmltinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlintypedb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comquestdb.io/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1typedb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncQuestDB Technology IncOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Vaticle
Initial release19842014199820092016
Current releasev20, April 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)2.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava (Zero-GC), C++, RustJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL with time-series extensionsyesnono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
TinkerPop 3gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Groovy
Java
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoPL/SQLnono
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)nonenoneSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication with eventual consistencyMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationnoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID for single-table writesACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesnoyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsoptionalyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infothrough memory mapped filesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionQuestDBTimesTenTinkerGraphTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
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Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
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