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DBMS > 4D vs. Pinecone vs. Spark SQL vs. TimesTen vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Pinecone vs. Spark SQL vs. TimesTen vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA managed, cloud-native vector databaseSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSVector DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.16
Rank#95  Overall
#2  Vector DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.pinecone.iospark.apache.org/­sqlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overviewspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncPinecone Systems, IncApache Software FoundationOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 20058Kdata
Initial release19842019201419982016
Current releasev20, April 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageScalaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesString, Number, Booleanyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
PythonJava
Python
R
Scala
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoPL/SQL
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, utilizing Spark CorenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionPineconeSpark SQLTimesTenToroDB
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