DBMS > 4D vs. MonetDB vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. MonetDB vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.72
Rank	#145	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	1.83
Rank	#139	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

www.monetdb.org

www.tigergraph.com

github.com/torodb/server

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

docs.tigergraph.com

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

MonetDB BV

8Kdata

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2004

2017

2016

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 7 VM

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

C++
Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

yes, in SQL, C, R

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding via remote tables

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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