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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. Vitess

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score0.19
Rank#311  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Score0.86
Rank#202  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.comvitess.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#vitess.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.The Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release1984201920182013
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 202315.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageProlog, RustGo
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinuxDocker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesyes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph PartitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling StreamsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistVitess
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