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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. Trino

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score0.19
Rank#311  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Score5.28
Rank#61  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.comtrino.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#trino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.Trino Software Foundation
Initial release1984201920182012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageProlog, RustJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexeddepending on connected data-source
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesyes, depending on connected data-source
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph Partitioningdepending on connected data-source
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling Streamsdepending on connected data-source
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
depending on connected data-source
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDdepending on connected data-source
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingdepending on connected data-source
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlSQL standard access control
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTrino
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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTrino
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