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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. QuestDB vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. QuestDB vs. RavenDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerquestdb.ioravendb.net
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerquestdb.io/­docsravendb.net/­docs
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftQuestDB Technology IncHibernating Rhinos
Initial release1984201920142010
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases5.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava (Zero-GC), C++, RustC#
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL with time-series extensionsSQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with eventual consistencyMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID for single-table writesACID, Cluster-wide transaction available
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAuthorization levels configured per client per database
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerQuestDBRavenDB
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerQuestDBRavenDB
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