DBMS > 4D vs. Lovefield vs. PouchDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Lovefield vs. PouchDB vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Score	2.34
Rank	#112	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

google.github.io/lovefield

pouchdb.com

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

pouchdb.com/guides

docs.stardog.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

Apache Software Foundation

Stardog-Union

Initial release

1984

2014

2012

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

7.1.1, June 2019

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

JavaScript

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Building an Offline First App with PouchDB — SitePoint
10 March 2014, SitePoint

Getting Started with PouchDB Client-Side JavaScript Database — SitePoint
7 September 2016, SitePoint

3 Reasons To Think Offline First
22 March 2017, ibm.com

Create Offline Web Apps Using Service Workers & PouchDB — SitePoint
7 March 2017, SitePoint

Offline-first web and mobile apps: Top frameworks and components
22 January 2019, TechBeacon

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