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DBMS > 4D vs. Kingbase vs. openGemini vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Kingbase vs. openGemini vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonopenGemini  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.An open source distributed Time Series DBMS with high concurrency, high performance, and high scalabilityA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#361  Overall
#37  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.kingbase.com.cnwww.opengemini.org
github.com/­openGemini
github.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.opengemini.org/­guide
Developer4D, IncBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.Huawei and openGemini community8Kdata
Initial release1984199920222016
Current releasev20, April 2023V8.0, August 20211.1, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and JavaGoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesInteger, Float, Boolean, Stringyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Standard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
HTTP REST
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsno
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAdministrators and common users accountsAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKingbaseopenGeminiToroDB
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