DBMS > 4D vs. Kdb vs. SpaceTime vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Kdb vs. SpaceTime vs. TinkerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

High performance Time Series DBMS

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.73
Rank	#45	Overall
	#2	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#345	Overall
	#34	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

kx.com

www.mireo.com/spacetime

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

code.kx.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Mireo

Initial release

1984

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2020

2009

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.6, May 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free 32-bit version

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language (q)

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

RESTful HTTP API

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

C#
C++
Python

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

with views

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Fixed-grid hypercubes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

rights management via user accounts

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more

Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more

Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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