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DBMS > 4D vs. Kdb vs. RavenDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Kdb vs. RavenDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh performance Time Series DBMSOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score7.73
Rank#45  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score2.68
Rank#102  Overall
#19  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comkx.comravendb.netgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcode.kx.comravendb.net/­docs
Developer4D, IncKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcHibernating Rhinos8Kdata
Initial release19842000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320102016
Current releasev20, April 20233.6, May 20185.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageqC#Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (q)SQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsyes
Triggersyesyes infowith viewsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsrights management via user accountsAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKdbRavenDBToroDB
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKdbRavenDBToroDB
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