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DBMS > 4D vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. QuestDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh performance Time Series DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comkx.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerquestdb.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerquestdb.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release19842000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320192014
Current releasev20, April 20233.6, May 2018cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageqJava (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'all fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (q)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesyes infowith viewsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsrights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerQuestDB
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
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Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerQuestDB
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