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DBMS > 4D vs. Ingres vs. TigerGraph vs. TinkerGraph vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ingres vs. TigerGraph vs. TinkerGraph vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWell established RDBMSA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 APITypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score1.80
Rank#138  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#345  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.tigergraph.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlintypedb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.tigergraph.comtypedb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncActian CorporationVaticle
Initial release19841974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201720092016
Current releasev20, April 202311.2, May 20222.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesSQL-like query language (GSQL)nono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
TinkerPop 3gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C++
Java
Groovy
Java
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesyesnono
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationIngres ReplicatornoneMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphsno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesnoyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptionalyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlnoyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIngresTigerGraphTinkerGraphTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIngresTigerGraphTinkerGraphTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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