DBMS > 4D vs. Ingres vs. SAP HANA vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ingres vs. SAP HANA vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Well established RDBMS

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	44.69
Rank	#22	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	0.65
Rank	#234	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#107	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

typedb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.actian.com/ingres

help.sap.com/hana

typedb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Actian Corporation

SAP

Vaticle

Initial release

1984

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2010

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

11.2, May 2022

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

2.26.3, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Appliance or cloud-service

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

SQLScript, R

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

yes

Sharding

by using Cassandra

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Ingres Replicator

yes

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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