DBMS > 4D vs. Ingres vs. LokiJS vs. SpatiaLite vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ingres vs. LokiJS vs. SpatiaLite vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Well established RDBMS

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Spatial extension of SQLite

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#260	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Score	1.63
Rank	#146	Overall
	#3	Spatial DBMS

Score	1.36
Rank	#161	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.actian.com/ingres

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite_topics.html

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Actian Corporation

Alessandro Furieri

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2014

2008

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

11.2, May 2022

5.0.0, August 2020

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

server-less

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JavaScript API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

JavaScript

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Ingres Replicator

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Actian Launches Ingres 12.0 Database
4 June 2024, PR Newswire

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26 December 2023, The Register

New startup from Postgres creator puts the database at heart of software stack
12 March 2024, TechCrunch

Dr. Michael Stonebraker: A Short History of Database Systems
1 February 2019, The New Stack

PostgreSQL now top developer choice ahead of MySQL, according to massive new survey • DEVCLASS
13 June 2023, DevClass

provided by Google News

LokiJS - A JavaScript Database
18 November 2014, iProgrammer

provided by Google News

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