DBMS > 4D vs. Hive vs. Kuzu vs. MarkLogic

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Hive vs. Kuzu vs. MarkLogic

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

An embeddable property Graph DBMS built for query speed and scalability

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	59.76
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#402	Overall
	#41	Graph DBMS

Score	5.18
Rank	#63	Overall
	#11	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#7	Search engines

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

docs.kuzudb.com

docs.marklogic.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

MarkLogic Corp.

Initial release

1984

2012

2022

2001

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.1.3, April 2022

0.4.2, May 2024

11.0, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

MIT license

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

server-less

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL92

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

CLI Client
Cypher Query Language

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Python
Rust

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes, with Range Indexes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

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