DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. ObjectBox vs. SQL.JS vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. ObjectBox vs. SQL.JS vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Extremely fast embedded database for small devices, IoT and Mobile

Port of SQLite to JavaScript

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Object oriented DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	1.29
Rank	#166	Overall
	#5	Object oriented DBMS

Score	0.63
Rank	#241	Overall
	#112	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#190	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.objectbox.io

sql.js.org/documentation/index.html

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

ObjectBox Limited

Alon Zakai

enhancements implemented by others

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

1984

2005

2017

2012

2022

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

JavaScript

Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Android
iOS
Linux
macOS
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary native API

JavaScript API

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

C
C++
Dart
Go
Java
JavaScript

planned (as of Jan 2019)
Kotlin
Python

planned (as of Jan 2019)
Swift

JavaScript

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

online/offline synchronization between client and server

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

except by serializing a db to a file

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

yes, based on authentication and database rules

More information provided by the system vendor

News

The on-device Vector Database for Android and Java
29 May 2024

Vector search: making sense of search queries
29 May 2024

Python on-device Vector and Object Database for Local AI
28 May 2024

Evolution of search: traditional vs vector search
23 May 2024

On-device Vector Database for Dart/Flutter
21 May 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

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27 September 2023, Sifted

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4 January 2023, TechCrunch

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11 September 2023, TechRound

provided by Google News

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