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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ObjectBox vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ObjectBox vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformExtremely fast embedded database for small devices, IoT and MobileA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedObject oriented DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.29
Rank#166  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerobjectbox.ioquestdb.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.objectbox.ioquestdb.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerMicrosoftObjectBox LimitedQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release19842005201920172014
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedAndroid
iOS
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Proprietary native APIHTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Dart
Go
Java
JavaScript infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Kotlin
Python infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Swift
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonehorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.online/offline synchronization between client and serverSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerObjectBoxQuestDB
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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