DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. Memgraph vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. Memgraph vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	3.02
Rank	#98	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

www.h2database.com

memgraph.com

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

memgraph.com/docs

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

Memgraph Ltd

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

1984

2005

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication using RAFT

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

with snapshot isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions

Roles, resources, and access types

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more

Competitive advantages

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

Enhance Your Network with the Power of a Graph DB
1 May 2024, Towards Data Science

Graph database company Memgraph raises $9.34M
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7 August 2023, PR Newswire

Croatian graph database startup Memgraph raises €8M with Microsoft as key investor, plans to boost R&D
20 October 2021, The Recursive

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