DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. Kingbase vs. ObjectBox vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. Kingbase vs. ObjectBox vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Object oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.44
Rank	#258	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#179	Overall
	#6	Object oriented DBMS
	#9	Vector DBMS

Score	1.44
Rank	#152	Overall
	#14	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.h2database.com

www.kingbase.com.cn

github.com/objectbox
objectbox.io

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.objectbox.io

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

ObjectBox Limited

Initial release

1984

2005

1999

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

V8.0, August 2021

4.0 (May 2024)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Bindings are released under Apache 2.0

Apache License 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and Java

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, plus "flex" map-like types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

Standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

Proprietary native API

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Data sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

News

MongoDB Realm & Device Sync alternatives – ObjectBox
17 September 2024

Local AI – what it is and why we need it
11 September 2024

First on-device Vector Database (aka Semantic Index) for iOS
24 July 2024

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with vector databases: Expanding AI Capabilities
18 June 2024

The on-device Vector Database for Android and Java
29 May 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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