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DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. InterSystems Caché vs. VictoriaMetrics vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. InterSystems Caché vs. VictoriaMetrics vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems Caché  Xexclude from comparisonVictoriaMetrics  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Caché is a deprecated database engine which is substituted with InterSystems IRIS. It therefore is removed from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A multi-model DBMS and application serverA fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solutionVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score1.23
Rank#172  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comwww.h2database.comwww.intersystems.com/­products/­cachevictoriametrics.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.intersystems.comdocs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/­VictoriaMetrics/­VictoriaMetrics/­wiki
docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerInterSystemsVictoriaMetricsOpenLink Software
Initial release19842005199720181998
Current releasev20, April 20232.2.220, July 20232018.1.4, May 2020v1.91, May 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaGoC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesdepending on used data modelyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaC#
C++
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyesnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationSynchronous replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and rolesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2InterSystems CachéVictoriaMetricsVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionH2InterSystems CachéVictoriaMetricsVirtuoso
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