DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. Ingres vs. ObjectBox vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. Ingres vs. ObjectBox vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Well established RDBMS

Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors

A .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Object oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS

Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	3.63
Rank	#79	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#179	Overall
	#6	Object oriented DBMS
	#9	Vector DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#40	Graph DBMS
	#21	Object oriented DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.h2database.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

github.com/objectbox
objectbox.io

velocitydb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.objectbox.io

velocitydb.com/UserGuide

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

Actian Corporation

ObjectBox Limited

VelocityDB Inc

Initial release

1984

2005

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2017

2011

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

12.0, July 2024

4.0 (May 2024)

7.x

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Bindings are released under Apache 2.0

Apache License 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows

Any that supports .NET

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, plus "flex" map-like types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Proprietary native API

.Net

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift

.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

Triggers

yes

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Ingres Replicator

Data sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Based on Windows Authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

News

MongoDB Realm & Device Sync alternatives – ObjectBox
17 September 2024

Local AI – what it is and why we need it
11 September 2024

First on-device Vector Database (aka Semantic Index) for iOS
24 July 2024

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with vector databases: Expanding AI Capabilities
18 June 2024

The on-device Vector Database for Android and Java
29 May 2024

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

Actian Launches Ingres 12.0 Database
4 June 2024, PR Newswire

New startup from Postgres creator puts the database at heart of software stack
12 March 2024, TechCrunch

Postgres pioneer Michael Stonebraker promises to upend the database once more
26 December 2023, The Register

Actian Launches Ingres as a Fully-Managed Cloud Service
24 September 2021, Integration Developers

Actian Avalanche Real-Time Connected Data Warehouse adds integration
28 April 2020, TechTarget

provided by Google News

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