DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. HEAVY.AI vs. MySQL vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. HEAVY.AI vs. MySQL vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardware

Widely used open source RDBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	1.41
Rank	#153	Overall
	#71	Relational DBMS

Score	1029.49
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	0.72
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

www.h2database.com

github.com/heavyai/heavydb
www.heavy.ai

www.mysql.com

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.heavy.ai

dev.mysql.com/doc

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

HEAVY.AI, Inc.

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

1984

2005

2016

1995

2004

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

5.10, January 2022

9.0.0, July 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2; enterprise edition available

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++ and CUDA

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

proprietary syntax

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Round robin

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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