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DBMS > 4D vs. GraphDB vs. PouchDB vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. GraphDB vs. PouchDB vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonPouchDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDBIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.28
Rank#115  Overall
#21  Document stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.ontotext.compouchdb.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmltypedb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationpouchdb.com/­guidesdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1typedb.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncOntotextApache Software FoundationOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Vaticle
Initial release19842000201219982016
Current releasev20, April 202310.4, October 20237.1.1, June 201911 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)2.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaScriptJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infovia viewsyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
HTTP REST infoonly for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScriptC
C++
Java
PL/SQL
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyeswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityView functions in JavaScriptPL/SQLno
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infowith a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-loungenoneSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoConstraint checkingnoyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoby using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backendyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMPouchDBTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
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