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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Teradata Aster vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Teradata Aster vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and typesTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannertrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docstrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
Developer4D, IncGoogleTeradataApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release1984201720052014
Current releasev20, April 20232.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++, Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
Data schemeyesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Storeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoin Aster File Storeno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoR packagesJava Stored Procedures
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.yes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Frameworkyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerTeradata AsterTrafodion
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