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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MonetDB vs. Sqrrl vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MonetDB vs. Sqrrl vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMonetDB  Xexclude from comparisonSqrrl  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
Sqrrl has been acquired by Amazon and became a part of Amazon Web Services. It has been removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A relational database management system that stores data in columnsAdaptable, secure NoSQL built on Apache AccumuloA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#141  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Score1.80
Rank#138  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.monetdb.orgsqrrl.comwww.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.monetdb.org/­Documentationdocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncGoogleMonetDB BVAmazon infooriginally Sqrrl Data, Inc.
Initial release19842017200420122017
Current releasev20, April 2023Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMozilla Public License 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxLinux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL 2003 with some extensionsnoSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
native C library infoMAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC
Accumulo Shell
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Actionscript
C infousing GLib
C#
C++
Cocoa
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes, in SQL, C, Rnoyes
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding via remote tablesSharding infomaking use of Hadoop
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none infoSource-replica replication available in experimental statusselectable replication factor infomaking use of Hadoop
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoDocument store kept consistent with combination of global timestamping, row-level transactions, and server-side consistency resolution.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDAtomic updates per row, document, or graph entityACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCell-level Security, Data-Centric Security, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)Role-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerMonetDBSqrrlTigerGraph
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